Solar Module

ALCM refers to the Approved List of Cell Manufacturers (ALCM). The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) recently issued a draft proposal to impose ALCM from April 1, 2027. The imposition of ALCM will ensure that the solar module makers in India have to mandatorily use only Made in India solar cells from local players. The move has now encouraged a lot of solar module makers to start their own solar cell lines. The move is likely to halt the entry of cheap solar cells from China and other countries.

To estimate how much electricity your solar system can generate in a day, you need a few key pieces of information:

The total DC capacity of your solar system (in kW)

The average number of peak sunlight hours in your area (also called solar irradiation)

Just multiply your system size by the peak sunlight hours to get the theoretical daily generation.
For example, if you have a 3 kW system and your area gets 5 hours of good sunlight daily, then:

3 kW × 5 hours = 15 units (kWh) per day (theoretical)

However, in real-world conditions, solar systems usually operate at about 78% to 80% efficiency due to energy losses (from wiring, inverter, dust on panels, etc.).

So, you can expect around 20% less generation than the theoretical figure.
Using the example above, the actual generation would be about:

Even for the same wattage (Wp), TOPCon-based solar panels can perform better (or proudce more solar power). This is due to the better efficient solar cells used and lower degradation levels. On an average it is said that TOPCon-based modules can produce 5% extra generation than mono-perc based solar modules.